颈长、相对颈长和身高与颈椎病发病率之间的相关性研究

Correlation between neck length, relative neck length, height and incidence rate of cervical spondylosis

摘要:

目的 比较颈椎病患者与健康人的颈长、相对颈长和身高的差异性，为颈椎病的防治提供参考。方法 选取2019年1月至2023年1月四川大学华西医院龙泉医院门诊收治的950例疑似颈椎病患者作为研究对象，根据患者是否确诊为颈椎病分为健康组（n=380）和颈椎病组（n=570），采用SPSS软件进行数据分析并借助Spearman相关性分析和Logistic回归，分析颈长、相对颈长和身高与颈椎病之间是否存在关联。结果 两组在性别、年龄、职业、颈长、相对颈长和身高几个变量比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同颈椎病类型患者在性别、年龄、职业、颈长、相对颈长几个变量比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；相关分析显示：年龄、职业、颈长、相对颈长和身高与颈椎病发生具有显著相关性（均P<0.05）；多元Logistic回归分析显示：年龄、职业、相对颈长和身高是导致颈椎病发生的独立危险因素［O^R（95%CI）=2.579（1.249~3.007），3.049（1.461~2.978），4.192（1.467~2.659），4.983（1.273~3.042）］。结论 相对颈长较长、身高较矮、年龄较大和脑力劳动为颈椎病的独立危险因素，可导致各类型颈椎病发病率上升。

Abstract:

Objective To compare the differences in neck length, relative neck length, and height between patients with cervical spondylosis and healthy individuals, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis.Methods Nine hundred and fifty suspected cervical spondylosis patients admitted to the outpatient department of Longquan Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were grouped based on whether they were diagnosed with cervical spondylosis. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze whether there is a correlation between neck length, relative neck length, and height and cervical spondylosis.Results There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, occupation, neck length, relative neck length, and height between the healthy group and the cervical spondylosis group (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in variables such as gender, age, occupation, neck length, and relative neck length among different types of cervical spondylosis (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that age, occupation, neck length, and relative neck length were significantly correlated with the occurrence of cervical spondylosis, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation and relative neck length are independent risk factors for the occurrence of cervical spondylosis [O^R (95%CI)=2.579 (1.249–3.007), 3.049 (1.461–2.978), 4.192 (1.467–2.659), 4.983(1.273–3.042)].Conclusion The independent risk factors of cervical spondylosis are relatively long neck, short height, older age and mental labor, which can lead to the increase of incidence rate of various types of cervical spondylosis.