无创辅助通气和机械通气对早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的应用效果分析

Application effect of non-invasive auxiliary ventilation and mechanical ventilation on respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants

摘要:

目的 分析无创辅助通气和机械通气对早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）的应用效果。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年9月在开封市儿童医院入住新生儿重症监护室（NICU）的NRDS早产儿90例为研究对象，将其以随机数表法分为对照组和观察组，各45例。对照组给予机械通气，观察组给予无创辅助通气。比较两组的氧动力学、临床治疗情况、临床疗效、不良反应情况。结果 治疗3 d和7 d观察组的动脉血氧仪检测氧分压（PaO₂）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO₂）水平均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的通气时长、全肠道喂养时间、总氧疗时间、住院时间、住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组的临床总有效率为93.33％，高于对照组的71.11％，观察组声带损伤的发生率（28.89％）低于对照组（46.67％），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 无创辅助通气对早产儿NRDS的血氧情况有改善效果，且能够改善临床疗效，降低声带损伤的发生率。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the application effect of non-invasive auxiliary ventilation and mechanical ventilation on respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in premature infants.Methods Ninety premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Kaifeng Children's Hospital from January 2021 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received mechanical ventilation, while the observation group received non-invasive auxiliary ventilation. The oxygen dynamics, respiratory mechanics, clinical treatment status, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared.Results The levels of PaO₂, PaCO₂ and SaO₂ measured by arterial pulse oximeter in the observation group on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the observation group in terms of ventilation duration, total enteral feeding time, total oxygen therapy time, hospitalization time, and hospitalization expenses. The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than 71.11% of the control group. The incidence of vocal cord injury in the observation group (28.89%) was lower than that in the control group (46.67%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Non-invasive assisted ventilation has an improvement effect on the blood oxygen status of premature infants with NRDS, and can improve clinical efficacy and reduce the incidence of vocal cord injury.