Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of serum microribonucleic acid-206 (miR-206) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its relationship with hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis endocrine.Methods Totally 148 PCOS patients admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study group, and 133 healthy non-pregnant women with normal menstruation were selected as the control group at the same time. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-206 in serum of all subjects, and the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (P) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The relationships between serum miR-206 expression and FSH, LH, E2, T, PRL, P in patients with PCOS were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.Results The expression of serum miR-206 in the study group (0.38±0.07) was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.95±0.12) (P<0.05). The serum FSH and P levels in the study group (5.12±1.19 mIU/mL, 1.52±0.44 nmol/L) were significantly lower than those in the control group (6.58±1.34 mIU/mL, 2.49±0.62 nmol/L), and the levels of serum LH, E2, T and PRL (10.96±2.24 mIU/mL, 78.63±22.49 pg/mL, 0.88±0.23 ng/mL, 21.46±5.32 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.73±1.85 mIU/mL, 49.41±10.65 pg/mL, 0.51±0.12 ng/mL, 16.35±3.21 ng/mL), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that the expression of serum miR-206 of PCOS patients was negatively correlated with the levels of LH, E2, T and PRL (r=-0.546, -0.501, -0.533, -0.485, P<0.05), but it was positively correlated with the levels of FSH and P (r=0.493, 0.528, P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of serum miR-206 of patients with PCOS is significantly decreased, and there is a certain correlation between it and the endocrine related indexes of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.