Objective To explore the correlation between early control of different blood glucose levels and brain tissue inflammation levels in patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 83 patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Xiaogan Central Hospital due to traumatic brain injury from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected, all of whom underwent surgical treatment. These study subjects were randomly divided into a conventional blood glucose control group and a strict blood glucose control group in the order of admission. Insulin micropumps were used to regulate the blood glucose levels of patients, and the serum MDA levels of patients at different time points were measured on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after surgery. The correlation between postoperative serum MDA and blood glucose levels was analyzed.Results On the 1st day after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in serum MDA levels between the two groups. On the 3rd day after surgery, the strict blood glucose control group showed lower serum MDA levels compared with the conventional blood glucose control group, and the serum MDA level in the conventional blood glucose control group was higher than that on the 1st day (P<0.05). On the 7th day after surgery, the strict blood glucose control group showed lower serum MDA levels compared with the conventional blood glucose control group, and the serum MDA levels in both groups were lower than on the 3rd day after surgery (P<0.05).Conclusion Early control of blood glucose levels in patients with brain injury at a stricter level can reduce postoperative oxidative stress levels. Targeted measures can be taken in clinical practice to stabilize postoperative blood glucose levels in patients with brain injury.